السبت، 30 يوليو 2011

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  • France

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    This advice has been reviewed and reissued with an amendment to the Travel Summary and the Safety and Security - Terrorism section (there is a general threat from terrorism). The overall level of the advice has not changed; there are no travel restrictions in place in this travel advice for France.
     

  • France derives over 75% of its electricity from nuclear energy. This is due to a 
  •  
    القصة

    تدور قصة الفيلم في اطار كوميدي يتطرق للظروف الحياتية والأوضاع الاجتماعية والاقتصادية الصعبة التي أصبح الشعب المصري يعاني منها كقضية ارتفاع الأسعار.

    بطولة

    عمرو عبد الجليل
    رانيا يوسف
    يوسف عيد

    سلوم حداد
    هشام المليجي
    حمدي أحمد
    فريدة الجريدي
    أحمد وفيق
    محمد أبو الحسن

    سيناريو وحوار
    طارق عبد الجليل


    اخراج
    سامح عبد العزيز

  •  
  • long-standing policy based on energy security. 
  • France is the world's largest net exporter of electricity due to its very low cost of generation, and gains over EUR 3 billion per year from this. 
  • France has been very active in developing nuclear technology. Reactors and fuel products and services are a major export. 
  • It is building its first Generation III reactor and planning a second.  
  • About 17% of France's electricity is from recycled nuclear fuel. 
French electricity generation was 575 billion kWh gross, and consumption was about 462 billion kWh - 6800 kWh per person.  Over the last decade France has exported up to 70 billion kWh net each year and EdF expects exports to continue at 65-70 TWh/yr, principally to Germany, Italy, and UK, but also to Belgium, Spain, and Switzerland. Imports are typically about 10 TWh/yr.
France has 58 nuclear reactors operated by Electricite de France (EdF), with total capacity of over 63 GWe, supplying 410 billion kWh per year of electricity (net), 74% of the total generated there in 2010. Total generating capacity is 118 GWe, including 25 GWe hydro and 26 GWe fossil fuel. Peak demand is about 96 GWe.
The present situation is due to the French government deciding in 1974, just after the first oil shock, to expand rapidly the country's nuclear power capacity. This decision was taken in the context of France having substantial heavy engineering expertise but few indigenous energy resources. Nuclear energy, with the fuel cost being a relatively small part of the overall cost, made good sense in minimising imports and achieving greater energy security.
As a result of the 1974 decision, France now claims a substantial level of energy independence and almost the lowest cost electricity in Europe. It also has an extremely low level of CO2 emissions per capita from electricity generation, since over 90% of its electricity is nuclear or hydro.
In mid 2010 a regular energy review of France by the International Energy Agency urged the country increasingly to take a strategic role as provider of low-cost, low-carbon base-load power for the whole of Europe rather than to concentrate on the energy independence which had driven policy since 1973.
Whether you fancy a spot of shopping on the chic boulevards of Paris or a winter sport break on the sparkling ski slopes of the Alps, a relaxing beach weekend on the sun-baked Riviera or a holiday exploring  the fairy tale castles of the Loire Valley on a bike, the choice is vast.

Indeed it's the many attractions of this compelling country that draw millions of visitors back year after year, an increasing number of whom
(not least Brits) purchase property there.
 France
Business efficiency 64.203 [28th of 51]
Child poverty 7.9 [15th of 23]
Commitment to foreign aid 18% [12th of 18]
Economic aid > Donor $10,600,000,000.00 [3rd of 26]
Economic freedom 2.45 [42nd of 156]
Economic importance 20.2 [6th of 25]
GDP > PPP $1,744,352,000,000.00 [7th of 163]
GDP growth > annual % 1.19 annual % Time series [156th of 187]
GDP per capita in 1820 $1,218.00 [7th of 23]
GDP per capita in 1900 $2,849.00 [10th of 39]
GDP per capita in 1950 $5,221.00 [11th of 52]
GDP per capita in 1973 $12,940.00 [7th of 52]
GINI index 32.74 Time series [18th of 40]
Gross National Income $1,380,000,000,000.00 [5th of 172]
Human Development Index 0.938 [16th of 178]
Income category
High income: OECD
Income distribution > Poorest 10% 2.8% [47th of 114]
Income distribution > Richest 10% 25.1% [90th of 114]
Population below median income 8 [20th of 28]
Technological achievement 0.54 [16th of 68]

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